Incorrect capacitance causes ripple, heat, and instability. This guide explains sizing rules, ESR/ESL effects, and how to select reliable capacitor types for DC power supplies.

Replacing a 4uf fan capacitor with 5uf risks heat, noise, and motor stress. This guide explains safe substitution, risks, specs to match, and correct replacement tips.

Systems with DC offset and noise risk signal distortion—AC coupling capacitors solve this by blocking DC and preserving waveform quality. This guide explains selection and design.

Power switches face voltage spikes and ringing—snubber networks reduce stress and improve efficiency. This guide compares RC vs RCD snubbers and key design criteria.